A review on extraction, analytical and rapid detection techniques of Per /Poly fluoro alkyl substances in different matrices

Contamination from Poly/Per Fluoro Alkyl Substances (PFAS) is one of the fraternity's most recent and dangerous problems globally. PFAS are widely used in all industries, which is why they are present in all the levels of the food chain, including humans, flora, and wildlife, due to their bioaccumulation and high resistance. The toxicity of PFAS and its multiple negative consequences not only on the ecosystem but on humans have also received significant reporting. The US EPA’s MCL (Maximum Contamination Limit) for PFAS in drinking water is 4 ng/L. Apart from the water, air and soil, dietary intake is the major route of PFAS exposure in humans. Notably, investigation of PFAS from different matrices, extraction and detection methodology plays a crucial role in estimating the accurate content. However, in the review article, the aspects of sensors-based techniques such as MIPs, MOFs, nano-sensors is also highlighted in the PFAS detection from water samples. This review covers the current sample preparation, analytical, and fast detection methods for PFAS identification, along with their limitations and prospects.