Comparison of the Analytical Performance of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis Techniques in the Elemental Analysis of Coal Fly Ash

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were applied to study the elemental content of coal combustion residues. Both methods’ analytical applicability and suitability for this type of material were described in detail. A certified reference material, fine fly ash (CTA-FFA-1), was used to examine the capabilities and validation of both methods. A comparison study allowed for the modification of the procedures for these materials (previously elaborated in the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology), resulting in more accurate data with lower uncertainty. We highlighted that INAA and ICPs complemented each other in the analysis of coal and coal combustion residues. The digestion procedure was an integral part of the measurement and affected the environmental analysis results. Both methods were applied to the chemical characteristics of coal ashes from household furnaces. The hard coal was from Polish, Columbian, and Kazakh mines. The majority of elements had similar concentrations, independently of coal origin. Because ash from domestic coal combustion is used as a fertilizer or an anti-icing agent, we assessed the potential environmental impact via leaching experiments (according to PN-EN 12457-2). The potential risk of soil contamination due to ash dumping around the house and its surroundings was determined as insignificant (for the elements investigated).