A Review on Cellulose Degrading Microbes and its Applications

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer and serves as a vital structural component in plant cell walls. It also represents a vast reservoir of renewable carbon. The efficient degradation of cellulose requires the specific action of diverse microorganisms equipped with specialized enzymatic machinery. This review synthesizes the latest research on cellulose-degrading microbes and their multifaceted applications. The paper begins by delving into the enzymatic repertoire of cellulose-degrading microorganisms, highlighting the pivotal roles of cellulases, hemicelluloses, and auxiliary enzymes in cellulose breakdown. Mechanisms such as synergistic interactions among different microbial species and the relevance of biofilm formation for enhanced cellulose degradation are explored. Moreover, this review underscores the broader ecological significance of cellulose-degrading microbes in nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. The intricate interplay between microbial communities, environmental conditions, and cellulose degradation is examined, shedding light on the ecological implications of cellulose degradation. In the applications section, the paper elucidates the versatile uses of cellulose-degrading microbes. These encompass industries such as biofuel production, textile manufacturing, paper recycling, and bioremediation. The potential of genetically engineered microbes for improved cellulose degradation and biofuel production is also discussed. Furthermore, the review addresses challenges in harnessing cellulose-degrading microbes for industrial applications, including enzyme production efficiency, substrate specificity, and downstream processing. Recent advancements in biotechnological strategies to overcome these challenges are presented, offering insights into the future development of sustainable cellulose-based processes.