癌症研究
癌变
下调和上调
免疫系统
基因敲除
肿瘤微环境
生物
癌细胞
细胞毒性T细胞
细胞生物学
化学
癌症
免疫学
细胞凋亡
生物化学
遗传学
体外
基因
作者
Chunzhao Yin,Cunzhen Zhang,Yong‐Qiang Wang,Guijun Liu,Ningning Wang,Ningning Liang,Lili Zhang,Qiaochu Tu,Jingwen Lv,Huimin Jiang,Haoran Ma,Chenxi Du,Min Li,Xuxiao He,Shiting Chen,Jiacheng Guo,Shengxian Li,Jun Qin,Nan Li,Yongzhen Tao,Huiyong Yin
标识
DOI:10.1097/hep.0000000000000704
摘要
Background and Aims: Cross talk between tumor cells and immune cells enables tumor cells to escape immune surveillance and dictate responses to immunotherapy. Previous studies have identified that downregulation of the glycolytic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase B (ALDOB) in tumor cells orchestrated metabolic programming to favor HCC. However, it remains elusive whether and how ALDOB expression in tumor cells affects the tumor microenvironment in HCC. Approach and Results: We found that ALDOB downregulation was negatively correlated with CD8 + T cell infiltration in human HCC tumor tissues but in a state of exhaustion. Similar observations were made in mice with liver-specific ALDOB knockout or in subcutaneous tumor models with ALDOB knockdown. Moreover, ALDOB deficiency in tumor cells upregulates TGF-β expression, thereby increasing the number of Treg cells and impairing the activity of CD8 + T cells. Consistently, a combination of low ALDOB and high TGF-β expression exhibited the worst overall survival for patients with HCC. More importantly, the simultaneous blocking of TGF-β and programmed cell death (PD) 1 with antibodies additively inhibited tumorigenesis induced by ALDOB deficiency in mice. Further mechanistic experiments demonstrated that ALDOB enters the nucleus and interacts with lysine acetyltransferase 2A, leading to inhibition of H3K9 acetylation and thereby suppressing TGFB1 transcription. Consistently, inhibition of lysine acetyltransferase 2A activity by small molecule inhibitors suppressed TGF-β and HCC. Conclusions: Our study has revealed a novel mechanism by which a metabolic enzyme in tumor cells epigenetically modulates TGF-β signaling, thereby enabling cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and affect their response to immunotherapy.
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