Exceptionally Bifunctional ORR/OER Performance via Synergistic Atom–Cluster Interaction

The single-atom sites (SAs) have achieved enhanced performance toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with the effective utilization of the active sites. However, the excess adsorption of the intermediates and the limited stability hinders performance improvement. Metal clusters with promising stability and weak adsorption can be used as potential substitutions, but the lack of active sites is considered undesirable for catalytic reactions. Herein, a framework of Fe nanoclusters combined with SAs on One dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes (Fe