Polyketide production in a mangrove-associated fungus Diaporthe goulteri , induced by chemical epigenetic modification

Studies on the chemical composition of endophytic fungus Diaporthe goulteri, isolated from the Acanthus ilicifolius L., by using epigenetic modification to activate clusters of biosynthetic genes that are silenced or poorly expressed in fungi, resulting in obtainment of ten polyketides. Among these compounds were six new compounds, including cytosporin E2 (1), cytosporin D1 (2), cytosporin G1 (3), cytosporin J1 (4), cytosporin K1 (5), cytosporin F1 (6), and four known compounds, cytosporin E (7), cytosporin Y3 (8), cytosporin D (9), and cytosporin L (10). The structures of the compounds were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum-chemical calculations, and the modified Mosher's method. The cytotoxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated.