Antitumor Activity of a Bispecific Chimera Targeting EGFR and Met in Gefitinib‐Resistant Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) frequently acquire resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) due to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation or activation of the bypass pathway involving mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (Met). To address this challenge, a bispecific nanobody-aptamer chimera is designed to target mutated EGFR and Met simultaneously to block their cross-talk in NSCLC. The EGFR-Met chimera is cost-effectively engineered using microbial transglutaminase and click chemistry strategies. With enhanced binding affinity toward the target proteins, the as-developed chimera inhibits efficiently the cross-talk between signaling pathways associated with EGFR and Met. This inhibition leads to the suppression of downstream pathways, such as Erk and Akt, and induces upregulation of cell cycle arrest-related proteins, including Rb, p21, and p27. Additionally, the chimera activates the caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway. Consequently, it inhibits cell migration, induces cell death, and causes cell cycle arrest in vitro. Moreover, the chimera exhibits significant antitumor efficacy in drug-resistant xenograft mouse models, showcasing improved tissue penetration and low toxicity. This study accentuates the potential of the bispecific EGFR-Met chimera as a promising therapeutic option for NSCLC resistant to EGFR TKIs.