Free Nitrous Acid Inhibits Atenolol Removal during the Sidestream Partial Nitritation Process through Regulating Microbial-Induced Metabolic Types

化学 生物降解 共代谢 新陈代谢 阿替洛尔 脱氨基 亚硝酸盐 异养 生物化学 微生物代谢 色谱法 环境化学 食品科学 核化学 细菌 有机化学 硝酸盐 生物 生物修复 内分泌学 血压 遗传学
作者
Yifeng Xu,Ning Wang,Lai Peng,Shengjun Li,Chuanzhou Liang,Kang Song,Shaoxian Song,Yan Zhou
出处
期刊:Environmental Science & Technology [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:56 (16): 11614-11624 被引量:15
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.1c08845
摘要

Limited studies have attempted to evaluate pharmaceutical removal during the sidestream partial nitritation (PN) process. In this work, atenolol biodegradation by PN cultures was investigated by maintaining ammonium and pH at different levels. For the first time, free nitrous acid (FNA), other than ammonium, pH, and free ammonia, was demonstrated to inhibit atenolol removal, with biodegradation efficiencies of ∼98, ∼67, and ∼28% within 6 days at average FNA levels of 0, 0.03, and 0.19 mg-N L–1, respectively. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)-induced metabolism was predominant despite varying FNA concentrations. In the absence of ammonium/FNA, atenolol was mostly biodegraded via AOB-induced metabolism (65%) and heterotroph-induced metabolism (33%). AOB-induced metabolism was largely inhibited (down to 29%) at 0.03 mg-N L–1 FNA, while ∼27 and ∼11% were degraded via heterotroph-induced metabolism and AOB-induced cometabolism, respectively. Higher FNA (0.19 mg-N L–1) substantially reduced atenolol biodegradation via heterotroph-induced metabolism (4%), AOB-induced metabolism (16%), and AOB-induced cometabolism (8%). Newly identified products and pathways were related to metabolic types and FNA levels: (i) deamination and decarbonylation (AOB-induced cometabolism, 0.03 mg-N L–1 FNA); (ii) deamination from atenolol acid (heterotrophic biodegradation); and (iii) nitro-substitution (reaction with nitrite). This suggests limiting FNA to realize simultaneous nitrogen and pharmaceutical removal during the sidestream process.
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