Development, Calibration, and Image Processing of Underwater Structured Light Vision System: A Survey

The underwater structured light vision system has the characteristics of a large amount of information, high measurement accuracy, and good robustness, which has attracted the attention of researchers and is widely used in the underwater 3-D measurement. In this article, the state-of-the-art techniques of the underwater structured light vision system are comprehensively summarized, which provides valuable guidance for relevant researchers. First, underwater structured light vision systems are classified and introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Then, the calibration methods of the underwater structured light vision system are introduced, including underwater camera calibration, underwater laser calibration, and underwater projector calibration. Besides, the image processing methods of the underwater structured light vision system are analyzed, including laser structured light image processing and coded structured light image processing. Moreover, the applications of the underwater structured light vision system in underwater archeology, seabed mapping, and underwater structure inspection are introduced. On this basis, the research directions of the underwater structured light vision system are prospected.