Trial of the MIND Diet for Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Older Persons

医学 认知功能衰退 认知 痴呆 老年学 心理学 健康衰老 精神科 内科学 疾病
作者
Lisa L. Barnes,Klodian Dhana,Xiaoran Liu,Vincent J. Carey,Jennifer Ventrelle,Kathleen A. Johnson,Chiquia S. Hollings,Louise Bishop,Nancy Laranjo,Benjamin J. Stubbs,Xavier Reilly,Puja Agarwal,Shengwei Zhang,Francine Grodstein,Christy Tangney,Thomas Holland,Neelum T. Aggarwal,Konstantinos Arfanakis,Martha Clare Morris,Frank M. Sacks
出处
期刊:The New England Journal of Medicine [Massachusetts Medical Society]
卷期号:389 (7): 602-611 被引量:127
标识
DOI:10.1056/nejmoa2302368
摘要

Findings from observational studies suggest that dietary patterns may offer protective benefits against cognitive decline, but data from clinical trials are limited. The Mediterranean–DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, known as the MIND diet, is a hybrid of the Mediterranean diet and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, with modifications to include foods that have been putatively associated with a decreased risk of dementia. Download a PDF of the Research Summary. We performed a two-site, randomized, controlled trial involving older adults without cognitive impairment but with a family history of dementia, a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) greater than 25, and a suboptimal diet, as determined by means of a 14-item questionnaire, to test the cognitive effects of the MIND diet with mild caloric restriction as compared with a control diet with mild caloric restriction. We assigned the participants in a 1:1 ratio to follow the intervention or the control diet for 3 years. All the participants received counseling regarding adherence to their assigned diet plus support to promote weight loss. The primary end point was the change from baseline in a global cognition score and four cognitive domain scores, all of which were derived from a 12-test battery. The raw scores from each test were converted to z scores, which were averaged across all tests to create the global cognition score and across component tests to create the four domain scores; higher scores indicate better cognitive performance. The secondary outcome was the change from baseline in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–derived measures of brain characteristics in a nonrandom sample of participants. A total of 1929 persons underwent screening, and 604 were enrolled; 301 were assigned to the MIND-diet group and 303 to the control-diet group. The trial was completed by 93.4% of the participants. From baseline to year 3, improvements in global cognition scores were observed in both groups, with increases of 0.205 standardized units in the MIND-diet group and 0.170 standardized units in the control-diet group (mean difference, 0.035 standardized units; 95% confidence interval, −0.022 to 0.092; P=0.23). Changes in white-matter hyperintensities, hippocampal volumes, and total gray- and white-matter volumes on MRI were similar in the two groups. Among cognitively unimpaired participants with a family history of dementia, changes in cognition and brain MRI outcomes from baseline to year 3 did not differ significantly between those who followed the MIND diet and those who followed the control diet with mild caloric restriction. (Funded by the National Institute on Aging; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02817074.) QUICK TAKE VIDEO SUMMARYMIND Diet for Cognitive Decline 02:16
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