Influences of Specialist Palliative Care Team Input, Advance Care Planning, Non-Invasive Ventilation and Gastrostomy Status on Unscheduled Hospital Admissions and Place of Death for People with Motor Neuron Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

Objective Motor neuron disease is a rapidly progressing neurological condition. People with life-limiting conditions generally prefer to die at home and avoid hospital admissions, with Specialist Palliative Care Team involvement often pivotal. Our aim was to investigate the role of advance care planning, Specialist Palliative Care Team input and other relevant variables on place of death and unscheduled hospital admissions in a Scottish population of people with motor neuron disease. Methods: National CARE-MND audit data, primary and secondary care data, and local Palliative Care records were interrogated. Chi-square, point-biserial correlation and binary logistic regression analysed associations (p < 0.05 statistically significant). Participants (188) were deceased, having a verified motor neuron disease diagnosis between 2015–2017, diagnosis occurring ≥28 days before death. Results: Advance care planning and Specialist Palliative Care Team input of ≥28 days were associated with increased odds of dying outside hospital (BLR:OR 3.937, CI 1.558-9.948, p = 0.004 and OR 2.657, CI 1.135-6.222, p = 0.024 respectively). Non-invasive ventilation decreased the odds of dying outside hospital (BLR:OR 0.311, CI 0.124-0.781, p = 0.013). Having a gastrostomy increased odds of ≥1 admissions in the last year of life (BLR:OR 5.142, CI 1.715-15.417, p = 0.003). Statistical significance was retained with removal of gastrostomy-related complications. Conclusion: Early Specialist Palliative Care input and advance care planning may increase the likelihood of death outside of hospital for persons with motor neuron disease. Further research is warranted into barriers of facilitating death outside of hospital with home non-invasive ventilation use and the association between gastrostomy status and unscheduled admissions.