Assessing nicotine pharmacokinetics of new generation tobacco products and conventional cigarettes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

New generation tobacco products (NGPs) hold promises as modified-risk alternatives to conventional cigarettes (CCs), given their comparable characteristics. This study investigated the nicotine pharmacokinetics (PK) of NGPs, encompassing closed pod systems, refillable e-cigarettes (ECs), and heated tobacco products (HTPs), in comparison to CCs through systematic review and meta-analysis.