肌萎缩
骨骼肌
牛磺酸
谷氨酰胺
内分泌学
内科学
肌肽
肌酸
分解代谢
氨基酸
精氨酸
肌肉蛋白
医学
化学
生物化学
新陈代谢
作者
W He,E. Connolly,H. R. Cross,Guoyao Wu
标识
DOI:10.1080/10408398.2024.2348549
摘要
Adult humans generally experience a 0.5–1%/year loss in whole-body skeletal muscle mass and a reduction of muscle strength by 1.5–5%/year beginning at the age of 50 years. This results in sarcopenia (aging-related progressive losses of skeletal muscle mass and strength) that affects 10–16% of adults aged ≥ 60 years worldwide. Concentrations of some amino acids (AAs) such as branched-chain AAs, arginine, glutamine, glycine, and serine are reduced in the plasma of older than young adults likely due to insufficient protein intake, reduced protein digestibility, and increased AA catabolism by the portal-drained viscera. Acute, short-term, or long-term administration of some of these AAs or a mixture of proteinogenic AAs can enhance blood flow to skeletal muscle, activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin cell signaling pathway for the initiation of muscle protein synthesis, and modulate the metabolic activity of the muscle. In addition, some AA metabolites such as taurine, β-alanine, carnosine, and creatine have similar physiological effects on improving muscle mass and function in older adults. Long-term adequate intakes of protein and the AA metabolites can aid in mitigating sarcopenia in elderly adults. Appropriate combinations of animal- and plant-sourced foods are most desirable to maintain proper dietary AA balance.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI