Carbon velvet thermal interface gaskets

Carbon velvet thermal gaskets are presented that have high interface conductance at low contact pressure. The velvet consists of aligned, high-κ carbon fibers that span the gap between mating surfaces. Gels may be used for low debris applications. High aspect ratio fibers bend easily and conform to surface roughness with low interface pressure. Different configurations are recommended for irregular gaps (bowed surfaces), sliding interfaces, high temperature applications, low pressure interfaces, and bonded interfaces that can be parted using simple tools. Experience with selected aerospace applications are reviewed.