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What is number needed to harm (NNH)?

甲氧氯普胺 恶心 医学 呕吐 麻醉 不利影响 地塞米松 术后恶心呕吐 需要伤害的数量 内科学 置信区间 需要治疗的数量 相对风险
作者
P. Sedgwick
标识
DOI:10.1136/bmj.f4869
摘要

Researchers investigated whether 10 mg, 25 mg, or 50 mg metoclopramide combined with 8 mg dexamethasone, given intraoperatively, was more effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting than 8 mg dexamethasone alone. A four armed, parallel group, double blind, randomised controlled trial was performed. The intervention consisted of 8 mg dexamethasone alone (no metoclopramide) or 8 mg dexamethasone plus 10 mg, 25 mg, or 50 mg metoclopramide. Participants were 3140 patients who received balanced or regional anaesthesia during surgery.1 The main outcome measures were postoperative nausea and vomiting within 24 hours of surgery, plus occurrence of adverse drug reactions. The table⇓ shows the proportion of patients experiencing postoperative nausea and vomiting plus number needed to treat for each treatment group. The most common adverse drug reactions were hypotension and tachycardia; the table also shows the proportion of patients experiencing these adverse events plus number needed to harm for each treatment group. View this table: Association between dose of metoclopramide and nausea and vomiting, plus adverse events (hypotension and tachycardia) The researchers concluded that the addition of 50 mg metoclopramide to 8 mg dexamethasone (given intraoperatively) is an effective, safe, and cheap way to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. It was suggested that a reduced dose of 25 mg metoclopramide intraoperatively, with additional postoperative prophylaxis in high risk patients, might be equally effective and cause fewer adverse drug reactions. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?

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