神经科学
免疫系统
病态的
慢性疼痛
小胶质细胞
中枢神经系统
神经免疫学
医学
机制(生物学)
心理学
炎症
免疫学
病理
认识论
哲学
作者
Peter M. Grace,Mark R. Hutchinson,Steven F. Maier,Linda R. Watkins
出处
期刊:Nature Reviews Immunology
[Springer Nature]
日期:2014-02-28
卷期号:14 (4): 217-231
被引量:742
摘要
Here, the authors describe the immune mechanisms that are involved in pain, one of the key features of inflammation. They explain how the immune and nervous systems interact to initiate and propagate pain, and discuss the immune components that can be targeted for alleviating pathological pain in patients. Reciprocal signalling between immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a key phenomenon underpinning pathological and chronic pain mechanisms. Neuronal excitability can be powerfully enhanced both by classical neurotransmitters derived from neurons, and by immune mediators released from CNS-resident microglia and astrocytes, and from infiltrating cells such as T cells. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of the contribution of central immune mechanisms to pathological pain, and how the heterogeneous immune functions of different cells in the CNS could be harnessed to develop new therapeutics for pain control. Given the prevalence of chronic pain and the incomplete efficacy of current drugs — which focus on suppressing aberrant neuronal activity — new strategies to manipulate neuroimmune pain transmission hold considerable promise.
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