Job creation or job relocation? Identifying the impact of China's special economic zones on local employment and industrial agglomeration

重新安置 中国 集聚经济 经济特区 经济地理学 业务 面板数据 创造就业机会 劳动经济学 匹配(统计) 人口经济学 经济 经济增长 地理 统计 计量经济学 考古 计算机科学 程序设计语言 数学
作者
Zheng Liang
出处
期刊:China Economic Review [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:69: 101651-101651 被引量:16
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101651
摘要

Since the early 1980s, special economic zones (SEZs) in China have benefited from targeted place-based policies intended to promote local employment and economic growth. What remain poorly understood is whether SEZs serve to give birth to new firms, or rather attract and support the re-establishment of firms from other places. To address this question, this paper examines the impact of SEZs on employment growth in rural counties in China. Using ASIF panel data representing the activity of manufacturing firms for the period 1999 to 2008, this paper assesses the employment effects of SEZs according to firm births, relocation, expansion, and firm closure. By matching counties with future SEZs as comparison groups, the difference-in-differences estimates show that SEZs significantly increase employment in rural counties due to the creation of new firms and the expansion of existing large firms; in contrast, SEZs fail to promote firms to move in and restrain firms from moving out. Further, data analysis reveals significant regional heterogeneity, with the employment effects of SEZs on firm entry strongest for the eastern coastal region. Finally, we confirm that SEZs tend to reduce local industrial agglomeration in the eastern and central regions.
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