[Comparative analysis on occupational hazards of three welding operations].

Objective: To explore the occupational hazards caused by three kinds of welding operations, and to provide data support for individual protection. Methods: In October 2020, the welding fumes, metal elements and welding arc generated by three welding operations of argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , manual welding (ZS60A welding rod) and carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux cored wire) were collected and measured in the welding laboratory. The samples were analyze and compare in the laboratory, and the differences of the occupational hazard factors of the three welding operations were judged. Results: The concentration of welding fume produced by carbon dioxide shielded welding, manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , and argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wires) were 6.80 mg/m(3), 6.17 mg/m(3), and 3.13 mg/m(3), respectively. The effective irradiance of the welding arc outside the welding mask from high to low is manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux-cored welding wire) , and argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , respectively 1 010.7, 740.9, 589.5 μW/cm(2). The long-wave ultraviolet UVA intensity generated by argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) is the largest, which is 1 500 μW/cm(2). The content of Mn in the three welding operations is the highest, and JS80 welding wire has the highest Mn content of 128493.2 mg/kg. 907A flux cored wire has the highest Ti content, which is 24355.5mg/kg. The electrode ZS60A has the highest Cu content, which is 24422.12 mg/kg. Conclusion: The intensity of occupational hazards is different in the three kinds of welding operations, so the methods of personal protective equipment, field exposure assessment and health monitoring should be more targeted.目的： 探索不同焊接作业产生的职业病危害因素情况，为个体防护提供数据支持。 方法： 于2020年10月，在焊接实验室内采用模拟实验方法分析氩气保护焊（JS80焊丝）与手工焊（ZS60A焊条）和二氧化碳保护焊（907A药芯焊丝）焊接作业产生的职业危害因素，现场对电焊烟尘、金属元素和电焊弧光进行测量，并对测量结果进行统计学分析。 结果： 二氧化碳保护焊（907A药芯焊丝）、手工焊（ZS60A焊条）、氩气保护焊（JS80焊丝）的电焊烟尘浓度分别为6.80、6.17、3.13 mg/m(3)。焊接面罩外电焊弧光有效辐照度由高到低为手工焊（ZS60A焊条）、二氧化碳保护焊（907A药芯焊丝）、氩气保护焊（JS80焊丝），分别为1 010.7、740.9、589.5 μW/cm(2)；氩气保护焊（JS80焊丝）产生的长波紫外辐射（UVA）强度最大，为1 500 μW/cm(2)。3种焊接作业锰的空气中检测浓度最高，JS80焊丝锰最高，为128 493.2 mg/kg；907A药芯焊丝含钛最高，为24 355.5 mg/kg；ZS60A焊条含铜最高，为24 422.12 mg/kg。 结论： 不同焊接作业及不同种类焊材产生的职业危害因素强度不同，应更有针对性的选择个人防护装备、现场暴露评估和健康监护的方式。.