[Clinical research progress in non-invasive positive pressure ventilation from 2020 to 2021].

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), an essential respiratory support method, is widely used in acute/chronic respiratory failure and assisting rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We searched the relevant research articles about NPPV published from 1st October 2020 to 30th September 2021 through Medline. Researches focusing on the clinical application and viral transmission protection during high-flow nasal cannula oxygen and NPPV in COVID-19, were mainly retrospective and of small sample size. It demonstrated that high-flow nasal cannula oxygen and NPPV might reduce intubation rates when treating patients with mild-to-moderate respiratory failure, but the risk of delayed intubation should draw particular precaution. When using NPPV in non-COVID-19-related de novo acute respiratory failure, diaphragm thickening fraction and tidal change of esophageal pressure were validated to predict the treatment outcome. In addition, some studies explored the compliance and related influencing factors associated with the treatment effects of early NPPV initiation on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and the effects of NPPV on dynamic hyperinflation during exercise in COPD patients. Furthermore, the effectiveness of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist ventilation and a novel communication device optimizing the use of NPPV were also investigated and outlined.无创正压通气（NPPV）是当代重要的呼吸支持手段，广泛应用于各种病因引起的急性、慢性呼吸衰竭及辅助慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的康复运动。本文通过Medline检索并综述2020年10月1日至2021年9月30日期间NPPV相关临床研究的文献。有关高流量氧疗及NPPV在新型冠状病毒肺炎中的应用现状、疗效及安全防护是本年度的研究热点。研究多属于回顾性分析和小样本研究，支持高流量氧疗和NPPV用于轻中度呼吸衰竭患者初始治疗，降低插管率，但需要特别警惕延误插管的风险。在NPPV治疗新发急性呼吸衰竭方面，验证了利用膈肌增厚分数和食道压摆动值预测治疗结局可靠性。也有学者探讨NPPV在肌萎缩脊髓侧索硬化症患者早期治疗中的依从性及其影响因素，以及NPPV在降低慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者康复运动中的动态过度肺充气的作用。此外，神经调节辅助通气模式和交流增强工具对NPPV方法学优化方面的探讨也取得一定的进展。.