水力压裂
油页岩
石油工程
地质学
地温梯度
磁导率
断裂(地质)
储层模拟
页岩气
岩土工程
采矿工程
岩石学
地球物理学
生物
遗传学
古生物学
膜
作者
Ahmad Ghassemi,Zhennan Zhang
出处
期刊:Geophysical monograph
日期:2019-09-06
卷期号:: 213-234
标识
DOI:10.1002/9781119066699.ch12
摘要
Economic production in nano-Darcy permeability shale reservoirs or man-made geothermal reservoirs requires stimulation to create a large stimulated volume of rock formed by generating a fracture network through (slick) water injection. In last two decades, horizontal well fracturing technology has been significantly advanced for ultralow permeability shale reservoirs. However, shale reservoir fabric and heterogeneous geomechanical characteristics pose challenges to stimulation design, implementation, and interpretation of the stimulation impact on production. In this work we review analytical and numerical approaches for modeling hydraulic fractures, considering fracture interaction, the importance of pre-existing natural fractures, shale anisotropy and heterogeneity, and two-dimensional versus three-dimensional effects. While computational constraints limit applications to large field applications, modeling efforts have proven successful at capturing main aspects of hydro-fracture propagation and will continue to guide engineering endeavors.
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