Caffeine maintains vigilance and improves run times during night operations for Special Forces.

This study examined the effects of caffeine (CAF) on vigilance, marksmanship, and run performance during 27 h of sustained wakefulness in Special Forces personnel.There were 31 soldiers (29.8 +/- 5.4 yr, 86.4 +/- 8.6 kg) who were divided into placebo (PLAC, n = 15) and CAF (n = 16) groups. A 6.3-km control run was completed on the morning of Day 1. In the evening of Day 2, soldiers performed a control observation and reconnaissance vigilance task (ORVT) in the field. This 90-min task was repeated twice more between 02:00 and 06:00 on Day 3 during an overnight period of sleep deprivation. Marksmanship was assessed before and after the ORVT. PLAC or 200 mg of CAF gum was administered at 01:45, 03:45, and approximately 06:30 on Day 3. A final 6.3-km run commenced within 30 min of receiving the final dose.ORVT was maintained in CAF at control levels of 77 +/- 13% during the overnight testing. However, values decreased significantly for PLAC from 77 +/- 15% to 54 +/- 29% and 51 +/- 31% during the first and second overnight testing periods, respectively. CAF had no effect on marksmanship but improved 6.3-km run times by 1.2 +/- 1.8 min. Run times slowed for PLAC by 0.9 +/- 0.8 min from approximately 35 min during the control run; the changes in performance were significant between groups.It was concluded that CAF maintained vigilance and improved running performance during an overnight field operation for Special Forces personnel.