Research on Sea Spray Distribution of Marine Vessels Based on SPH-FEM Coupling Numerical Simulation Method

Due to the effect of the maritime environment and low temperature factor, ice phenomena are easily produced while a ship is sailing in a polar location. Types of ice accumulation include sea spray icing, which accounts for 90% of all ice accumulation, and, therefore, sea spray generation is a crucial step in ice accumulation prediction research. In order to investigate the phenomenon of ice formation on ships, this paper uses the SPH-FEM (Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics-Finite Element) coupling approach in this paper, and tracks the data pertaining to the wave current particles by simulating the impact of a single wave on the ship hull under the wave height standard of various sea conditions. Following the numerical simulation, it was discovered that when the sea state reaches five levels, the waves will produce marine sea spray on the simulated hull and distribute them in an arc on both sides of the hull; the phenomenon is influenced by the sea state level, meaning that the arc becomes more obvious as the sea state level rises. Furthermore, the number of sea spray particles formed in different sea state levels accounts for about 9–13% of the range of individual waves, and the rest of the sea spray particles will flow back to the surface quickly after passing through the hull.