Prognostic Value of Perioperative Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Monitoring for Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review

Introduction Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common postoperative complication in cardiac surgery, with varying reported incidences and prognostic factors. Renal hypoperfusion is believed to be a key factor contributing to postoperative AKI. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring, which assesses regional tissue saturation (RSO 2 ), has been suggested as a tool to predict postoperative AKI. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the prognostic value of perioperative NIRS monitoring in predicting postoperative AKI in pediatric patients. Methods and Results After a systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library, twenty studies (1517 patients) were included. The inter-rater agreement on study quality was strong, yet a high risk of bias was identified. Conclusion The heterogeneity of the results—in part attributable to several potential confounding factors regarding study population, monitoring technique and the definition of AKI—together with the lack of a clear and consistent association between RSO 2 values and AKI, currently preclude recommending NIRS monitoring as a reliable and valid clinical tool to “predict” AKI in the individual patient.