Hierarchical Porous Aggregate-Enabled Chromatography-Inspired Single-Sensor E-Nose for Volatile Monitoring

Monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is crucial for ensuring safety and health. In this study, we introduce a strategy to engineer a chromatography-inspired single-sensor (CISS) e-nose tailored for VOC monitoring. This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional methodologies and conventional e-noses. A hierarchical porous multicomponent aggregate, named CuP@G, was initially developed as the sole sensor material. This aggregate integrates a Cu2+–polydopamine (CuP) network with reduced graphene oxide, enhancing its chemoresistive properties. Using laser processing, we fabricated a grooved laser-induced graphene interdigitated electrode that is loaded with CuP@G ink and subsequently integrated into a compact laser-engraved microchamber. This process results in the production of the CISS e-nose. Notably, this e-nose enables swift, reversible, and precise detection of various VOCs using a time-space-resolved methodology. The developed module, known for its affordability and portability, is especially suitable for the point-of-care testing (POCT) of VOCs. Consequently, our research advances the development of streamlined cost-effective e-noses that are essential for proficient VOC monitoring.