An In-depth Analysis of Luteolin Regarding its Preclinical, Clinical and Nanoformulations Perspectives

A natural product is a natural compound or substance produced by a living organism- that is, found in nature. The term natural product has also been prolonged for commercial purposes to refers to dietary supplements, cosmetics and food produced from natural sources without added artificial ingredients. Luteolin, a bioflavonoid found abundantly in various fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential pharmacological properties. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted aspects of luteolin, encompassing clinical studies, experimental research, kinetic analyses, nanotechnology-based formulations, and synergistic interactions with conventional drugs. The introduction section describes the various sources and biological functions of luteolin and emphasizes its importance in the realm of medicine. The clinical studies section provides insights into the therapeutic potential of luteolin in various human diseases, highlighting its efficacy, safety profile, and potential mechanisms of action. Experimental studies exploring luteolin's mechanisms of action, cellular interactions, and therapeutic effects in various disease models. It elucidates underlying the biological mechanism of luteolin, shedding light on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, a detailed pharmacokinetic study examines the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of luteolin, offering valuable information for optimizing its dosing regimens and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The integration of nanotechnology in luteolin formulations is discussed, focusing on innovative nanoformulations that improve its solubility, stability, and targeted delivery, thus enhancing its bioavailability and efficacy. Additionally, this review delves into the synergistic interactions between luteolin and conventional drugs, emphasizing the potential for combination therapies to enhance treatment outcomes and reduce adverse effects. The synergistic mechanisms, preclinical and clinical evidence, and future prospects of these combinations are explored in detail. Future applications of luteolin appear to be very promising in a variety of fields, including personalized medicine, disease-specific medicines, and preventative healthcare.