Recent advances in graphdiyne materials for biomedical applications

As the new member of carbon-based nanomaterials, graphdiyne features the coexistence of sp and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms with a unique planar structure and highly conjugated structure. Since the firstly experimental synthesis of graphdiyne in 2010, the research on intrinsic structure and property, as well as wide applications in catalysis, energy, environment, and biomedicine related fields have attracted tremendous attention. In this review article, the fundamental electrical and optical properties of GDY are briefly introduced, and a comprehensive update on the biomedical applications of GDY and its derivatives by virtue of the distinct functionality and tailored property are provided. GDY and its derivatives have been verified as superior materials for biomedical applications, and it is believed that these applications provide feasibility for their future clinical applications through in-depth studies on GDY with diverse structures and properties.