Antibacterial activity of phenolic compounds of Teucrium polium L.

Teucrium polium L., a member of the Lamiaceae family. The plant's leaf ingredients were extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol, in that order. Column chromatography (CC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to figure out what phenolic components were in different extracts. Through these methods, three distinct fractions were isolated, originating from ethyl acetate and ethanolic extractions. Further examination of these fractions led to the discovery of 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, catechol and coumaric acid. The antibacterial activity of isolated components was examined through rigorous testing. To evaluate the efficacy against different types of bacteria, the disc-diffusion assay was employed. This involved testing each fraction against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium, as well as four Gram-negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Fraction (F1) was able to stop the growth of K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus well with an inhibition zone of 19-21 mm. Fraction (F2) showed high activity against all types of bacteria used in this study, with an inhibition zone of 19-23 mm. This study's findings suggest that Teucrium polium holds potential as a valuable source of natural antibacterial phenolic compounds.