Investigating the amount of water on reducing Li x (OH) y Cl z hydroxide phases in the synthesis of Li 3 OCl anti-perovskite as a solid electrolyte in Li-ion batteries

ABSTRACTThe Li3OCl solid electrolyte was synthesized in the present study via the hydrothermal method. In order to investigate the effect of water on the stability of the Li3OCl phase and reduce the amount of secondary hydroxide phases, different molar ratios of water were added to the precursors during the synthesis procedures. Employing XRD, DSC, FE-SEM, EIS, and CV techniques revealed that the LiCl: LiOH: H2O (1:2:10) molar ratio has better phase stability and fewer undesired hydroxide phases. The DSC results also showed that during the first heat treatment cycle, the Lix(OH)yClz phases were converted to the Li3OCl phase. After heat treatment, the final structure was characterized as a glass-ceramic structure. At 60°C and 110°C, respectively, the synthesized Li3OCl reached an ionic conductivity of 5.0 × 10−2 mS cm−1 and 0.76 mS cm−1. Also, the activation energy of 0.27 eV in the 60–110°C temperature range was recorded for the synthesized Li3OCl. The chemical stability of the synthesized Li3OCl was confirmed during lithiation/delithiation from −1.5 to 4 V at 130°C.KEYWORDS: Anti-perovskiteelectrochemical stabilityhydrothermal synthesishydroxide phasessolid electrolytes AcknowledgementsWe thank the Materials and Energy Research Center, Iran, for the support of this work.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Author contributionsResearch, material preparation, experimental sections, data collection, data interpretation, and original manuscript writing were done by Aref Ghanbari. Supervision, funding acquisition, conceptualization, results interpretation, manuscript reviewing, and publication-version approval are conducted by Zahra Khakpour. Supervision, methodology, and funding acquisition were done by Aida Faeghinia and Abouzar Massoudi.All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Data availability statementAll data and analysis are available upon request.Additional informationFundingNo funding institutions from the governmental, commercial, or nonprofit sectors contributed any specific grants for this study. No funding institutions from the governmental, commercial, or nonprofit sectors contributed any specific grants for this study.Notes on contributorsAref GhanbariAref Ghanbari, P.h.D student at Materials and Energy Research Center, Ceramic Department. The thesis is concerned with the energy storage, and Li-ion solid state batteries problems.Zahra KhakpourDr. Zahra Khakpour, is the corresponding author and is an assistant professor at Materials and Energy Research Center. She worked as a research scientist in area includes materials and nanomaterials characterization in the Fuel cell, batteries and photo catalyst systems.Aida FaeghiniaDr. Aida Faeghinia, is currently associate Professor at Materials and Energy Research Center.Abouzar MassoudiDr. Abouzar Massoudi, is currently assistant Professor at Materials and Energy Research Center.