Hydrogel Dressings in Wound Management: Advances, Applications, and Future Directions

Introduction: Hydrogel dressings have emerged as pivotal tools in wound management, offering a moist environment conducive to tissue repair and demonstrating biocompatibility across various wound types. This literature review examines the historical evolution, properties, applications, recent advances, challenges, and future directions of hydrogel dressings. Methodology: A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted using search terms such as "hydrogel dressings," "wound management," and "smart hydrogels." Selection criteria involved inclusion of articles on the properties, classifications, applications, and recent innovations of hydrogel dressings, with exclusion criteria focusing on non-peer-reviewed articles and non-English language publications. Results: Historical milestones encompass the development of cross-linking techniques, integration of natural polymers, and recent advancements including smart hydrogels, 3D printing, and drug delivery systems. Challenges such as cost, availability, and potential complications exist. Unresolved questions persist regarding long-term effects and controversies surrounding their comparative efficacy in wound management. Discussion: The findings highlight the need for future research in multifunctional dressings, sensor-integrated smart dressings, and biodegradable hydrogels to optimize wound healing. Moreover, exploration of their environmental impact and prolonged effects in chronic wounds is imperative. Addressing gaps in the literature is crucial to refine protocols and personalize wound care strategies. Conclusion: Hydrogel dressings demonstrate significant promise in wound management. Further research is essential to address challenges, resolve controversies, and advance the efficacy and sustainability of these dressings for improved wound care.