The Relationship between REM Sleep Prior to Analogue Trauma and Intrusive Memories

Intrusive memories are a common experience following trauma exposure but can develop into a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research has observed a relationship between sleep disturbance and intrusive memory frequency following analogue trauma exposure and disruptions in REM sleep are found to contribute to emotional dysregulation and an amplified reaction to negative emotional stimuli. The current study examined the association between REM sleep prior to analogue trauma and intrusive memories. To manipulate REM sleep, 27 healthy adults (MAge= 25.4, SD = 2.89) were randomised to either to a circadian misalignment (CM) condition or normal control (NC) condition for four nights. In CM, participants slept normally for two nights followed by a 4-hour phase advance on night three and an additional 4-hour phase advance on night four. In NC, participants had 8-hour sleep opportunities each night. On day 5, participants watched a trauma film and kept an intrusive memory diary for the next three days. Greater REM sleep percentage (p = .004) and REM efficiency (p = .02) across 4 nights prior to analogue trauma, independent of group, was significantly associated with fewer intrusive memories in the 3 days after viewing the film. Findings suggest REM sleep may serve to protect individuals against experiencing intrusive memories. This is consistent with evidence suggesting REM sleep influences emotional memory regulation. Occupations (e.g., emergency services/military personnel) who experience circadian disruptions likely to decrease REM sleep (e.g., from shift work) may be at heightened risk of experiencing intrusive memories after trauma exposure, and thus at increased risk of developing PTSD.