Effect of the national integrated demonstration area for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases programme on behavioural risk factors in China: a synthetic difference-in-differences study

The government-led community-based Chinese National Integrated Demonstration Areas for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases programme was launched in 2011, but no rigorous impact evaluation has been conducted to date. We aimed to evaluate the causal effects of this programme on behavioural risk factors.