The relationship between nucleosome positioning and higher-order genome folding

Eukaryotic genomes are organized into 3D structures, which range from small-scale nucleosome arrays to large-scale chromatin domains. These structures have an important role in the regulation of transcription and other nuclear processes. Despite advances in our understanding of the properties, functions, and underlying mechanisms of genome structures, there are many open questions about the interplay between these structures across scales. In particular, it is not well understood if and how 1D features of nucleosome arrays influence large-scale 3D genome folding patterns. In this review, we discuss recent studies that address these questions and summarize our current understanding of the relationship between nucleosome positioning and higher-order genome folding.