A high-efficiency hybrid microwave power receiving metasurface array with dual matching of surface impedance and phase gradient

This paper proposes a hybrid microwave power receiving (MPR) metasurface array with efficient dual matching of surface impedance and phase gradient. The hybrid array comprises three components: a reflective phase gradient metasurface (R-PGM) array, a surface wave focusing array, and an energy harvesting port. The R-PGMs efficiently convert incident electromagnetic waves into surface waves. The surface wave focusing array then concentrates the energy onto the integrated harvesting port through dual matching of surface impedance and phase gradient. Connecting a rectifier circuit enables efficient microwave energy reception and RF-DC conversion, avoiding the need for multiple rectifiers or complex feeding networks in traditional MPR designs. Numerical analysis and experimental tests verify the superior performance of this hybrid array design in efficient microwave energy harvesting and RF-DC conversion, achieving 90.84% plane wave-to-surface wave conversion efficiency, 76.67% surface wave energy harvesting efficiency, and 49.28% overall RF-DC conversion efficiency. Across the wideband range of 5.6–6.0 GHz, the energy harvesting efficiency remains consistently high, demonstrating the superior characteristics and promising potential of this design in MPR device development.