Spike(软件开发)
生物
形态学(生物学)
遗传学
计算生物学
进化生物学
表型
生物技术
基因
计算机科学
软件工程
作者
Yangyang Liu,Rui Yu,Liping Shen,Mengjing Sun,Yanchun Peng,Qingdong Zeng,Kuocheng Shen,Xinfeng Yu,He Wu,Botao Ye,Sheng Wang,Zhengxi Sun,Danning Liu,Xiaohui Sun,Qian Zhang,Jiayu Dong,Jing Wang,Jianhui Wu,Zhonghu He,Yuanfeng Hao,Jianhui Wu,Zifeng Guo
摘要
Over the past century, environmental changes have significantly impacted wheat spike morphology, crucial for adaptation and grain yield. However, the changes in wheat spike modifications during this period remain largely unknown. This study examines 16 spike morphology traits in 830 accessions released from 1900 to 2020. It finds that spike weight, grain number per spike (GN), and thousand kernel weight have significantly increased, while spike length has no significant change. The increase in fertile spikelets is due to fewer degenerated spikelets, resulting in a higher GN. Genome-wide association studies identified 49,994 significant SNPs, grouped into 293 genomic regions. The accumulation of favorable alleles in these genomic regions indicates the genetic basis for modification in spike morphology traits. Genetic network analysis of these genomic regions reveals the genetic basis for phenotypic correlations among spike morphology traits. The haplotypes of the identified genomic regions display obvious geographical differentiation in global accessions and environmental adaptation over the past 120 years. In summary, we reveal the genetic basis of adaptive evolution and the interactions of spike morphology, offering valuable resources for the genetic improvement of spike morphology to enhance environmental adaptation.
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