Unveiling the limitless potential: Exploring metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)/MXene based construction materials

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXene-based advanced materials have garnered significant interest owing to their distinct characteristics, including well-organized pores and customizable topologies, which render them versatile materials for diverse applications. MOFs are structured porous materials composed of metal ions/clusters bound by organic linkers. In contrast, MXenes are a class of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with a layered structure. Integrating MOFs and MXenes into concrete can significantly improve their mechanical strength, durability, thermal stability, and functional properties. The high surface area and porosity of MOFs can improve bonding within the cement matrix, control moisture, and protect against harmful substances. In contrast, the conductivity of MXene enables self-sensing and self-healing capabilities, and its barrier properties can prevent corrosion. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest research progress on MOFs and MXene-based composite materials in the construction industry, offering insights into their synthesis methodologies, distinctive properties, and transformative potential. From bolstering structural integrity and enhancing thermal management to revolutionizing energy efficiency and enabling smart functionalities, these composite materials present numerous opportunities for addressing contemporary challenges in modern construction while promoting sustainability and resilience. Furthermore, this paper discusses the challenges and future outlook of cementitious materials reinforced with MOFs and MXenes.