Emerging polynary bismuth-based photocatalysts: Structural classification, preparation, modification and applications

Photocatalysis is widely recognized as a promising technique for addressing energy and environmental challenges. Exploring novel photocatalysts represents a crucial avenue for advancing the development of photocatalytic technology. Bismuth (Bi)-based photocatalysts have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive crystal structure, favorable hybrid electronic band structure and diverse composition. In recent years, numerous polynary Bi-based (PBB) photocatalysts have been investigated, which exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance. However, most reviews still primarily focus on summarizing traditional materials, it is necessary and urgent to provide a comprehensive review of emerging PBB photocatalysts reported in recent years. This review encompasses the latest advancements in emerging PBB photocatalysts over the past decade (approximately 60 species), covering crystal structure, synthesis method, modification approaches and application areas. This review provides a concise summary and offers insight into future research trends of emerging PBB photocatalysts and guidance for finding suitable applications based on their crystal structures.