Spatiotemporal Network Based on GCN and BiGRU for Seizure Detection

As an important tool for detecting and diagnosing epilepsy, multi-channel EEG records the neuronal activities of different brain regions. Visual identification of abnormal EEG signals poses challenges, making the use of artificial intelligence techniques for automated seizure detection an inevitable trend. However, existing seizure detection methods often overlook the spatial relationship between EEG channels, which can't take full advantage of brain network structure. In this paper, we design an end-to-end spatiotemporal architecture for seizure detection based on Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRU) to efficiently model the spatial dependence and temporal dynamics of EEG. Firstly, the original EEG signals are preprocessed by applying wavelet transform for temporal-frequency analysis. The Pearson correlation matrix is computed for specific frequency bands and GCN is utilized to extract spatial features between EEG channels. Then, these features are sent into the BiGRU network to capture temporal relationships. Finally, the detection decisions are achieved using fully connected layers and the multi-level decision rules are implemented to provide the final results. The proposed method is validated on CHB-MIT EEG dataset, achieving 98.85% sensitivity, 95.83% specificity, 97.35% accuracy, 97.4% F1-score, and 97.33% AUC. This network fusions multiple EEG characteristics in the spatial-temporal-frequency domains to improve the detection performance and the promising result demonstrates that the performance of this model is superior to or on par with existing methods.