Plant Anthocyanins: Structure, Biosynthesis Regulation, Functions, and Ecology

The review summarizes current information about anthocyanins (AnC) and their localization in various plant organs and tissues. The pathways and regulation of AnC biosynthesis, the functional significance, and ecological role of these compounds in metabolism and adaptation of plants to environmental conditions are considered. Data on the induction of AnC synthesis under the action of stress factors and during plant growth and development are summarized. Special attention is given to the role of AnC in protection of the photosynthetic apparatus. The prospects for further research and the use of AnC as indicators of plant organism’s state are discussed. The importance of these compounds for humans and human health is mentioned.