A promising solution for water remediation: PDMS-(Nano)carbon hybrid materials for oil removal

This review comprehensively examines the utilization of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in conjunction with carbon-based nanostructures, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and other carbon forms like nanowires, for water-oil separation. The focus extends to the fabrication processes employed, encompassing the production of both active systems like membranes requiring external pumps for their application and passive systems such as sponges utilizing material intrinsic properties for oil water-separation. The investigation delves into the material properties crucial for effective separation processes, alongside a critical evaluation of biosafety considerations associated with these materials. Detailed discussions highlight manufacturing techniques shaping active and passive systems, elucidating their efficacy in addressing oil-water separation challenges and showcasing their diverse applications. The study also emphasizes the necessity to assess potential environmental and biological impacts. The concluding section critically discusses the limitations of existing studies and areas warranting further exploration and development. By synthesizing insights from fabrication processes, material properties, and biosafety considerations, this review provides a holistic overview of PDMS and carbon-based materials in oil-water separation, guiding future research towards addressing crucial gaps in understanding and application.