Ectopic Prostatic Tissue in Female Urethral Diverticulum

BACKGROUND: Ectopic prostatic tissue in female patients is rare. It is theorized that the presence of prostatic tissue in female patients is likely a Wolffian remnant or transformation of hormonally mediated tissue of the uterus, cervix, Skene's gland, and, rarely, periurethral tissue. Due to the increase in the use of testosterone and gender-affirming therapies, it is important to understand the role of testosterone in mediating the presence of ectopic prostatic tissue. CASE: We present a case of ectopic prostatic tissue in a urethral diverticulum in a female patient with exposure to testosterone hormone therapy and review the literature on this finding. CONCLUSION: Although rare, ectopic prostatic tissue should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anterior vaginal cysts, especially in the setting of testosterone supplementation.