阳极
碳纤维
钠
离子
材料科学
锂离子电池的纳米结构
化学工程
化学
冶金
复合材料
有机化学
电极
工程类
复合数
物理化学
作者
Shaikat Chandra Dey,Brian J. Worfolk,Lillian Lower,William Joe Sagues,Mark R. Nimlos,Stephen S. Kelley,Sunkyu Park
出处
期刊:ACS energy letters
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2024-05-08
卷期号:9 (6): 2590-2614
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00688
摘要
Sodium-ion batteries are complementary to lithium-ion batteries for grid-scale energy storage applications due to lower cost, safety, and potential for sustainable supply chains. The past decade has witnessed enormous research efforts in developing hard carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Phenolic resins have received significant attention as hard carbon precursors due to their high carbon yield, highly cross-linked structure, low cost, mature technology, and excellent electrochemical performance of corresponding hard carbon anode. This Review exclusively highlights the state-of-the-art preparation of hard carbon from phenolic resins, and the electrochemical performance in sodium-ion batteries. Cross-linked resins are prepared from three phenolic monomers (phenol, resorcinol, and phloroglucinol) to produce hard carbon. The effects of carbonization temperature on the microstructure, and electrochemical properties of hard carbon have been summarized here. Hard carbon formation, and sodium storage mechanisms have been briefly outlined. Finally, this Review provides an industrial perspective on hard carbon production at scale.
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