Microbiome-facilitated plant nutrient acquisition

Plants and microbiomes have co-evolved for millennia. Through this co-evolution, microbiomes have become essential for plant nutrient acquisition, which involves plant signaling, microbial sensing, and acquiring and sharing nutrients. In this review, we synthesize recent advancements in the complex associations of molecular, physiological, and eco-evolutionary mechanisms that underpin microbe-facilitated plant nutrient uptake. Focusing on emerging insights in plant-microbial communication and metabolic pathways, we evaluate potential opportunities to harness plant microbiomes to sustainably supply nutrients in agricultural and natural ecosystems. However, further progress is constrained by key knowledge gaps. We propose an amended conceptual framework for advancement that includes a holistic understanding of eco-evolutionary relationships with explicit consideration of signaling and sensing mechanisms. Finally, we argue that advancing fundamental science by utilizing emerging analytical approaches in an integrated way is critical to develop effective microbiome-informed tools that can enhance plant nutrient acquisition and promote long-term food security and environmental sustainability.