The Main Directions of Antimicrobial Peptides Use and Synthesis Overview

In this review, various classes of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were collected. Majority of these peptides are an integral part of the innate immunity of living systems; most of them are non-toxic to the human body, but have a detrimental effect on viruses, bacteria, parasites, tumors and fungi, which makes them indispensable in the fight against infections, while pathogenic strains have already acquired resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Urgent need to develop new AMPs, many laboratories around the world are now developing AMPs. For this, first, a classification of AMPs has been drawn up; secondly, the main mechanisms of AMP action on the cells of the human body and their destructive action on pathogens are being studied. According to the new classification, AMPs are sorted into antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antineoplastic, etc. classes. The main factor ensuring the attachment of AMP to the membrane of a normal cell is its charge, and the hydrophobicity of AMP contributes to the formation of pores in the membrane of the microorganism; for this reason, the activity of AMP is related to its amphiphilicity. Thus, the placement of histidine with buffering properties into AMPs provides damage to microorganisms without hemolysis of host cells; the same purpose is served by obtaining hydrophobic sites in the newly synthesized AMP. The material presented in this work helps the synthesis of new effective AMPs capable of stopping the development of severe infectious processes, with Allah Support.