Hyperbolic-Metamaterials-Based SPR Temperature Sensor Enhanced by a Nanodiamond-PDMS Hybrid for High Sensitivity and Fast Response

A high-performance surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber sensor is proposed with hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), nanodiamonds (NDs), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to enhance the temperature sensitivity and response time. The HMM with tunable dispersion can break through the structural limitations of the optical fiber to improve the refractive index (RI) sensitivity, while NDs and PDMS with large thermo-optic coefficients enable to induce significant RI change under varied thermal fields. The ternary composite endows the sensor with a high temperature sensitivity of -9.021 nm/°C, which is 28.6 times higher than that of the conventional gold film-based SPR sensor. Furthermore, NDs with high thermal conductivity (2200 W/mK) effectively expedite the thermal response of PDMS, which reduces the response time from 80 to 6 s. It is believed that the proposed sensors with high sensitivity, fast response time, and compact size have great potential for applications in industrial production, healthcare, environmental monitoring, etc.