The association between adverse childhood experiences and metabolic syndrome in severe mental illness: A literature review

Objective A history of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) is common among people with severe mental illness (SMI), and they are also associated with physical health problems, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) in general adult populations. We aimed to evaluate and synthesise the evidence relating to the association between ACE and MetS and/or its components in patients with SMI. Methods We systematically searched multiple databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Emcare, Cochrane Library, Health Technology Assessments, Joanna Briggs Institute, and Maternity and Infant Care database) and reviewed studies that described an association between ACE and MetS or its components in SMI adult patients. Results Twenty studies were reviewed. Most studies described a significant association between ACE and at least one to three components of MetS, with obesity being the most studied and, therefore, showing a more consistent association compared to the other MetS components. ACE and the components of MetS did not remain significant, in most of the studies, after adjusting for confounders. None of the studies showed an association with MetS as a whole entity. Conclusion Adults with SMI with a history of ACE are more likely to demonstrate health problems such as MetS and cardiovascular disease-related risk factors.