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Effects of Super-Absorbent Polymer on Soil Remediation and Crop Growth in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

蒸腾作用 农学 干旱 环境科学 叶面积指数 土壤水分 高吸水性高分子 灌溉 光合作用 干物质 比叶面积 气孔导度 环境修复 作物产量 作物 生物 化学 土壤科学 植物 古生物学 有机化学 污染 聚合物 生态学
作者
Fang Yang,Rui Cen,Weiying Feng,Jing Liu,Zhongyi Qu,Qingfeng Miao
出处
期刊:Sustainability [MDPI AG]
卷期号:12 (18): 7825-7825 被引量:58
标识
DOI:10.3390/su12187825
摘要

The water-retaining and yield-increasing capacity of super-absorbent polymer (SAP) are essential for soil remediation in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate the influencing factors and mechanisms of SAP effects on soil environments and crop growth for the precise management of agricultural water-saving irrigation. In this study, we adopted SAP as a soil conditioner and monitored changes in soil temperature, photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration rate, chlorophyll, crop growth indexes (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation), and yield under different SAP doses during the growth stage of maize, on the basis of which the improvement mechanism of SAP in arid and semi-arid soil was analyzed. The results demonstrated the following: (1) 45 kg/hm2 of SAP application could increase the temperature of the soil layer, effectively reduce the diurnal temperature variation of the soil surface, and promote the stable growth of maize; (2) when different SAP doses were applied, the leaf surface temperature of maize increased by 0.95 °C on average. In particular, when 135 kg/hm2 of SAP was applied, the leaf surface temperature increased by 1.55 °C; (3) SAP could promote the photosynthetic rate of maize. In addition, the plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation of maize gradually increased with an increasing amount of SAP; (4) the application of SAP not only increased the grain row number, ear row number, and average 100-seed weight, but also increased the crop yield by nearly 6%. The application of SAP demonstrated a comprehensive utility (redistribution of soil water and temperature, synergy between SAPs and plants), which suggests that the most basic goal, to ensure socio-economic and ecological sustainability in dryland systems, was obtained.
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