Sepsis secondary to multifocal Enterococcus faecium infection

Introduction: Nosocomial Enterococcus faecium (E faecium) infections are common among immunocompromised patients; however, sepsis caused by E faecium is rarely encountered in the clinical setting. Patient concerns: A 69-year-old woman with a previous history of tuberculosis (TB), developed symptoms of recurrent fever, paroxysmal cough, and exertional dyspnea for over 2 months before she presented to the hospital. Diagnosis: The patient was initially misdiagnosed with recurrent TB, and did not respond to anti-TB therapy. Culture results of blood, endotracheal necrotic tissue, and urine confirmed a diagnosis of multifocal E faecium infection. Interventions: On definitive diagnosis, the patient received intensive antimicrobial combination treatment with linezolid, teicoplanin, caspofungin, and voriconazole on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility results. Outcomes: After transient improvement, the patient's condition deteriorated due to secondary infections, and the patient died after discharge against medical advice. Conclusion: E faecium bacteremia may cause sepsis in immunocompromised patients, and has a high mortality rate. Careful pathogen detection and early initiation of treatment is crucial to good patient outcome.