Ocular symptoms and signs related to Parkinson′s disease

Ocular symptoms and signs related to Parkinson′s disease are a kind of clinical syndromes caused by pathological changes in the visual pathway, including abnormal eye movements and visual disorders. The syndromes appear in the early stages of the disease, associated with many factors, such as the course of the disease and the use of therapeutic drugs for Parkinson′s disease. Optical coherence tomography, video eye tracker, magnetic resonance imaging and evaluation scales can be used to examine ocular symptoms and signs of Parkinson′s disease. The eye symptoms and signs make the Parkinson′s syndromes present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Early identification of these syndromes can help to diagnose Parkinson′s disease and to predict disease progression and prognosis. Key words: Parkinson disease; Oculomotor; Visual dysfunction; Risk factors; Diagnosis