Analysis of multiband graphene-based terahertz square-ring fractal antenna

A new terahertz square-ring patch antenna is designed basing on a very thin layer of graphene as a radiating patch.It is characterized by multiband operation and can improve the radiation pattern due to its self-similar property or fractal geometry.We analyze a graphene-based square-ring patch placed upon a silicon substrate with the thickness 3.25 µm.The structure has compact dimensions and radiates at a single frequency, 3.62 THz.Our antenna can also consist of a microstrip line to resonate at two (1.913 and 4.294 THz) or three (1.913,3.167 and 4.260 THz) frequencies.This is achieved by varying the patch shape at the voltage standing-wave ratio less or equal to two.Our calculations are performed using a fullwave electromagnetic simulation based on a standard finite-difference time domain method.Various parameters like the return loss, the voltage standing-wave ratio, the gain and the efficiency are determined for the multiband operation regime.