Electrical Properties of Fresh Human Blood at 10 kHz–100 MHz

Understanding the electrical properties of blood is essential for medical applications based on bioelectromagnetic responses. However, reference values in the commonly used database were taken from measurements of ovine blood at frequencies higher than 1 MHz and treated with anticoagulants. In this study, the parallel-plate method was used to measure the relative permittivity and conductivity of untreated fresh human blood in the frequency range of 10 kHz–100 MHz. The results showed a significant difference in the conductivity compared with the previous reference data. The variation in conductivity due to coagulation was concluded to be sufficiently small when compared with other factors. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.